However, steel production in China has expanded even faster, pushing down prices in Southeast Asia and threatening regional competitiveness. In response, many governments are increasing trade barriers, as they look to protect their individual steel industries from a glut of competition.

Market Trends

From 2009 to 2014, the six leading countries of Southeast Asia—Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam—increased their production of hot-rolled steel products by 12.6 percent to reach 27.5 million tonnes per year.

However, the growing economies around the region meant that steel demand increased even faster. Over the same period, apparent steel consumption leapt 56.9 percent to 65.9 million tonnes. The difference was made up by imports, which nearly doubled to 46.4 million tonnes from 24.3 million tonnes.

Despite an economic slowdown affecting much of the world, the International Monetary Fund is predicting further growth for the region, expecting steel consumption to rise to 80 million tonnes by 2020.

To fill that gap, the major steel-producing economies of Korea, Japan and China have increased their exports. POSCO opened Krakatau POSCO, the first integrated steelworks in the region, in 2013, and now has production facilities and service centers in Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar and Thailand. As of 2014, steel companies from Korea, Japan and China comprised 80 percent of all imports to those six Southeast Asian countries.

In particular, China is making major inroads in the region, especially as its domestic economy slows and companies look to make up the difference abroad. In 2009, China comprised 12 percent of steel imports to those six Southeast Asian countries, but by 2014 that share had climbed to 42 percent.

The oversupply of steel can be seen in prices. Chinese hot-rolled coil cost $429 per tonne in early 2015, but that price fell to just $270 per tonne by October. Japanese hot-rolled coil similarly fell from $480 per tonne to $307 over the same period.

Rising Protectionism

With international steel supplies up and prices falling, Southeast Asian countries are responding by protecting their markets.

Trade barriers being enacted around the region include traditional protectionist measures (like tariffs, anti-dumping regulations and safeguards), technical barriers to trade (or TBTs) and non-tariff barriers to trade (like “Buy National” campaigns). For example, Indonesia enacted a “New Trade Law” in February 2014 that enabled the government to restrict imports of certain goods, including steel.

Anti-dumping (AD) duties and safeguard actions are especially on the rise. Over just 2013-2014, the six Southeast Asian countries took 33 anti-dumping measures, as opposed to 52 AD measures in the previous 18 years. Malaysia and Vietnam, which never took any AD measures from 1995 to 2012, took seven and four AD actions respectively from 2013-2014.

TBTs on steel imports are also tightening around the region. Indonesia requires certificates of approval to import hot-rolled, cold-rolled, coated, galvanized steel and long products, and the list is growing. Thailand, too, has made its approval process more complicated for certain imports, and Malaysia requires certificates of approval for certain steel products.

Finally, “Buy National” policies are common around the region. Indonesia changed its National Procurement Law to mandate government-procured products contain at least 40 percent domestic raw materials, while Malaysia and Brunei offer special benefits to government bodies for procuring domestic goods and services.

Uniting the Region

At the end of 2015, 10 countries in the region came together to form the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), intending it to grow into an Asian version of the European Union. Containing 620 million people and a combined GDP of $2.5 trillion, the AEC has four major goals:11o build a single market and production base,

1. To become a highly competitive region,

2. To achieve equitable economic development, and

3. To fully integrate the region with the global economy.

4. Analysts believe that the AEC, while bringing the region closer together economically, may further strengthen protectionism against countries and companies from outside the region.

In light of these trends around Southeast Asia, experts say outside companies need to be cautious when investing in this region, and partnerships and joint ventures with local steelmakers are recommended. But with investments going on in the steel industry in Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam and Indonesia, soon domestic production could be on the rise, too, replacing many of the imports.

Oversaturation is always a risk, but, given the growth potential of this market, Southeast Asia is still considered a good region for investing. However, care is highly recommended, as the competitiveness of the steel market around the region is expected to rise, especially with the further development of the AEC.

Related Link:

The Future of Manufacturing in Korea

China’s Era of New Normal and its Implications on the Steel Industry

The Evolution of the Steel Production Process

The Myth and Reality of Global Steel Overcapacity

POSRI Releases First Edition of Bi-Annual English Journal “Asian Steel Watch”

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Accomplishment Made Upon Workers’ Sweats and Tears

(Front Row, From Left) Minister of Rail Transportation Than Htay, Vice President Nyan Htun, Minister of Energy Zeyar Aung and Daewoo International Vice Chairman Lee Dong-hee

CEO and Chairman of POSCO Chung Joon-yang, Vice chairman of Daewoo International Lee Dong-hee, Vice President of Myanmar Nuan Tun and about 150 guests from the governments and POSCO partners celebrated the kickoff of offshore natural gas commercialization.

This ceremony for the gas field development by Daewoo International holds a significant meaning for all participants because the project went through a number of major difficulties due to sluggish investment conditions. Nevertheless, the employees’ sweats and tears have finally been paid for.

Daewoo International drilled the submarine area in Westside sea of Myanmar, in which other oil companies from France, Japan and the U.S. failed to find any feasible gas field in the 1970s. By adopting a new concept of exploration, they found ‘Shwe’ gas field in 2004 and also succeeded in discovering ‘Shwe Phyu’ and ‘Mya’ gas fields in 2005 and 2006.

The total amount of gas deposit in these three gas fields reach about 4.5 trillion cubic feet, which is the biggest volume of gas fields found by any Korean oil/gas companies around the world. In addition, the Myanmar gas field operation was undertaken by Korea’s own technologies and know-hows. It is regarded as a cornerstone and a good model for the Korean oil and gas companies operating overseas.

During the ceremony, Chairman Chung shared his feelings with the audience by saying, “This is the most rewarding moment since Daewoo International started working with us as a member of POSCO Family.” “To build a better world with dreams, hopes, materials and energies, which is POSCO’s vision, we absolutely need Daewoo International’s competence and know-hows in resource development,” he added.

Lee Dong-hee, Vice Chairman of Daewoo International, also expressed his gratitude for the completion. “I am overwhelmed to see the successful result of the Myanmar gas field project, which is built upon our employees’ sweats and tears,” he said. The Vice Chairman Lee emphasized that Daewoo International will continue to focus on resource development and new growth engines to achieve another highly fruitful outcome like they have done in Myanmar.

Myanmar’s Local Society Impressed by Daewoo International’s CSR Activity

Daewoo International also hosted a donation ceremony at Kyuak Phyu to celebrate the completion of roads renovation as a part of the corporate’s project for the local infrastructure enhancement

In line with the gas field operation, Daewoo International also operated a series of CSR activities in Myanmar. For a town of Kyuak Phyu, Daewoo International built more than 10 kilometer-long roads and bridges. They also provided supports for education, medical assistance, water supply and other infrastructure. By doing so, Daewoo International aimed at improving the quality of local residents’ lives and the prosperity of Kyuak Phyu.

Notably, Daewoo International is also investing USD 200,000 every year to create a submarine forest in Mangrove, located near Ramree Island. The project will assist the subtropical region’s environment protection and provide protections from Tsunamis and cyclones.

A 4300kva (20㎿ per day) diesel generator is also installed for the on-land gas terminal in Kyuak Phyu, to ease the electricity shortage for about 5,000 local homes. The Myanmar Investment Commission (MIC) appreciated the effort from Daewoo International and granted a commendation for their social contribution.

Daewoo International’s Oil/Gas Development Operations Continue

Since the Korean government granted the right to explore the seabed mines in the East Sea in September 2011, Daewoo International has been pushing ahead with the operation in association with the Korea National Oil Corporation. In March, Daewoo International has also secured an investment from Woodside, the biggest oil development company in Australia, for AD-7, a marine mine lot in vicinity of the Myanmar’s gas field. A month later, Daewoo International was also able to secure its right to investigate and explore mines in RSF-7 and MOGE-8, both located in the central inland area of Myanmar. Daewoo International will keep moving forward to the continuous growth and advancement in resource development division.