POSCO recently completed STEP development, and applied it to the hull of Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries’ ships. STEP is a thick plate product with varying thicknesses that form a gentle slope on a single steel plate. Applying STEP will enable shipbuilders to skip the welding process, reducing labor costs and delivery time. POSCO is the only domestic steel maker to have developed the technology on its own.

Employees of the two companies are standing in front of the hull that was assembled using STEP.

In shipbuilding yards, the thickness of thick plates varies depending on the amount of pressure applied during construction. As the welding of thick plates of different thicknesses involves excessive man-hours, back-end processing is occasionally delayed. In order to help its partner overcome such difficulties, POSCO began to develop the technology for STEP in 2015 in collaboration with Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries. They acquired a classification certification last March for the technology and successfully applied it to an actual shop after several field application tests.

STEP is also expected to benefit domestic shipbuilders currently suffering from the recent global recession of the shipbuilding industry, by helping them reduce costs and increase productivity. Shipowners will also benefit from the improved quality and shortened inspection time.

VP Sang-gyun Lee of Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries explains the development progress of the hull block at the ceremony held to celebrate the first application of STEP.

Officials from Hyundai Samho conveyed to POSCO the difficulties they had on the shop floor over the years before applying STEP, and said, “The use of STEP is expected to secure working space, reduce bottlenecks and welding man-hours, and thus save costs by more than KRW 60 million per ship.”

POSCO is planning to mass-produce STEP starting next year, and expand its application to other industries, such as bridges.

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POSCO invested a total of KRW 255.4 billion and the 7CGL is expected to have an annual production capacity of 500,000 tons. By designing and constructing the plant with its own proprietary technology, POSCO was able to reduce construction costs, thereby securing cost competitiveness for its customers as well.

POSCO CEO Ohjoon Kwon and executives came together on April 26 to officially bring 7CGL online. From left to right: Seong Yu, head of the Technology and Investment Division; Shohei Yamazaki, purchasing organizing director of Renault-Nissan; Kiyoshi Kamishima, general manager of the Materials & Facilities Purchasing Division of Toyota; Jae-cheon Song, chairman of the Gwangyang City Council; In-hwa Jeong, a national assembly member; CEO Kwon; Nak-yeon Lee, governor of Jeollanam-do; Hyun-bok Jeong, mayor of Gwangyang; and Myeong-jin Seo, executive director of Hyundai & Kia.

CEO Kwon remarked, “POSCO opens up a new horizon in automotive steel with the completion of the 7CGL. This new line will allow POSCO to continue to provide differentiated products and customized solutions through smart technology.”

The 7CGL is attracting attention as one of the first plants to produce both hot-dip galvannealed (GA) and hot-dip galvanized steel (GI) at 1.5GPa  steel for automobiles. GA steel is preferred by Korean and Japanese automakers because it has excellent coatability and weldability as the coating layer is made of iron and zinc alloy, while GI steel is preferred by European automakers due to its excellent resistance to corrosion.

Previously, GA and GI steel sheets could only be produced at 1.2GPa due to surface and quality problems that occur before and after plating. POSCO resolved these problems by developing the “high hydrogen rapid cooling technology,” which forms high-intensity tissues in steel sheets before plating, and a “rapid cooling system,” which uses rapid cooling to smooth out the plated surface.

With the completion of 7CGL, POSCO now has seven operating CGLs  in Gwangyang, two CGLs in Mexico, and five CGLs in Thailand, India, and China. Through these CGLs, POSCO plans to produce 10 million tons of steel by 2018 and further solidify its status as a global automotive steel maker.

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At POSCO, there are many talented researchers, engineers, and factory workers, who are working constantly to make steel stronger, lighter, and longer-lasting. The Steel Wire sits down with three of those POSCO employees who have played essential roles in helping to establish POSCO as an industry leader in automotive steel solutions.

Q1. POSCO has relied on its experts to become an industry leader in advanced automotive steel manufacturing, and you have all played important roles within POSCO’s development of automotive steel. Can you tell us about the fields you are in and what your role has been?

[Shin Seung-cheol] For the last three decades, my main focus was to secure POSCO’s position as an industry leading automotive steel producer. Currently, I am at Gwangyang Steelworks working to create steel innovations and develop new technologies.
[Cho Byeong-ho] I work in the cold rolling department at Gwangyang Steelworks. Since joining POSCO in 1990, I have been working to develop World Premium Products, which account for 70% of the cold-rolled products manufactured in my department.
[Lee Jin-soo] I began my career at POSCO in 1993 working as a sales engineer in Indonesia and Singapore. After that, I moved to Gwangyang Steelworks where I was in charge of establishing technology strategies for automotive steel sheets as well as producing Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB). More recently, I guided the completion of Thailand CGL in 2016 to help POSCO be more competitive in the SE Asian market. Now, I serve as the corporate head of POSCO-Thailand Coated Steel (TCS).

“POSCO’s mission in 2009: Develop the best, most advanced automotive steel solutions that only POSCO can produce.”

Q2. Starting is often the most difficult step and we have sure faced some hurdles along the way. Can you tell us about the some of the problems you faced while developing automotive steel products?

[Shin Seung-cheol] Sure, in 2009, our team’s goal in the rolling sector was to ensure the productivity and quality of the World Premium Products. In the annealing process of the cold rolling sector of the Gwangyang Steelworks, I was told to make “the best automotive steel plates.” However, compared to other products, automotive steel plates demand a much higher quality than other products, and our equipment was outdated and rundown, making it almost impossible to create the flawless steel plates that were required. Achieving both high quality and continuous mass production required a new level of innovation.

[Cho Byeong-ho] When I was at the cold rolling mill, we were facing challenges from both domestic and foreign competitors. So, we streamlined old equipment and increased production of the World Premium Products such as automobile steel plates and high-grade steel. However, there were many problems. At one point, the cold rolled steel kept falling off before reaching the rolling process.

Q3. There’s a famous quote that says ‘Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.’ Does this make sense when you think about the work you accomplished in developing advanced automotive steel for POSCO?

[Shin Seung-cheol] Yes, that quote rings true for our team. After three years of testing the steel surface quality and improving the Continuous Annealing Line (CAL) facility, we eventually succeeded in securing high-quality automotive steel plates. Strict management standards along with systematic & rigorous product inspections from the customer’s point of view were also put in place in order to ensure that the products met the client’s needs.

[Cho Byeong-ho] When we couldn’t keep the steel from falling off before reaching the rolling process, we decided to visit the cold-rolling mill at Pohang Steelworks to help us find a solution. There, we worked on solving the problems with a small-scale laser welding team and we got support from maintenance experts. With proper facility training and data improvements, the 2nd cold rolling mill was ultimately able to work consistently.

“Now, it’s more than a mission. We will be the leading automotive steelmaker in Asia.”

[Lee Jin-soo] Thanks to our team’s endless efforts, POSCO was able to succeed in producing highly competitive automotive steel. POSCO provides around 150,000 – 200,000 tons of galvanized steel plates to Thailand every year. But we did not want to be #1 only in Korea; we wanted to have a stronger presence in the growing Thai market as well.

In order to expand our presence in the Thai market and provide stable supplies to existing clients, we differentiated ourselves from competitors through the quality of GI products for home appliances and painting – areas where we held a competitive advantage.

Q4. Your passion for finding innovative solutions, as well as your success at POSCO, is impressive. What are some of the most meaningful accomplishments you have made at POSCO?  

[Shin Seung-cheol] I was very grateful to be named as one of the POSCO Masters of Korea in 2016. This honor is reserved not only for the best field technicians with the highest levels of skill, but also for those who help their coworkers by sharing their expertise. I was happy to be acknowledged for my own skills as well as my efforts to help others.

[Lee Jin-soo] I am proud that I was able to be a part of the efforts to bring two manufacturing centers in Mexico online. POSCO-MPPC plant 1 & plant 2 were POSCO’s very first overseas construction sites and were very important for the future of POSCO’s global growth. And recently, getting the chance to guide Thailand CGL to its opening was very important for POSCO and very meaningful for me.

[Cho Byeong-ho] When I started, I believed that it would be really helpful to gain knowledge about each part of the steelmaking process. As a result, I taught myself about each step and acquired certificates in various fields including ‘Master of Craftsman Welding’ and ‘Master Craftsman of Rolling.’ This allowed me to do more specialized work for POSCO and for its automotive steel solutions.

Q5. Lastly, please share with us your vision moving forward.

[Shin Seung-cheol] While I’m somewhat confident in my operational skills after 34 years on the job, I still want to study more. I want to learn more about engineering theory and process development. My dream is to become the best possible technician I can be.

[Cho Byeong-ho] Moving forward, I want to continue the work to boost our equipment capacity while also improving our technology so that we can continue to produce the best World Premium Products.

[Lee Jin-soo] At Thailand CGL, we want to move forward to provide manufacturing technologies, such as mold technology and automotive steel sheet buying channels, to small local companies. This will allow POSCO to expand its contract base into a solution marketing system.

The advancements made in POSCO’s advanced automotive steel are driven by people like Shin Seung-chel, Cho Byeong-ho, and Lee Jin-soo. Without their determination, intelligence, and innovative thinking, POSCO could not be where it is today.

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Advancements in electric cars, autonomous driving, car connectivity, and AI were on full display. Nissan and BMW unveiled plans to use Microsoft’s personal assistant technology, Cortana, with their cars. Honda became the first major manufacturer to develop an electric concept car specifically designed for ride-sharing. And as for self-driving cars – Nissan announced it would bring autonomous driving support to its Leaf electric car, Hyundai introduced one that would be affordable enough for the masses, and Audi announced a partnership with Nvidia to bring self-driving cars to market by 2020.

With all of the focus on electric cars and autonomous driving, it is easy to forget the basic building blocks that are needed to make these cars a reality. As Toyota Research Institute CEO Gill Pratt noted at CES, “Historically humans have zero tolerance of death by machine,” and for further adoption by the public, safety must be reinforced in autonomous vehicles. Increased safety in cars often goes hand-in-hand with heavier materials that can withstand more pressure. However, the push for more fuel efficient electric cars is pushing the industry to build with more lightweight components.

Car manufacturers are working to find the right balance between strength, weight, and price. The EPA has estimated that reducing a vehicle’s weight by 45kg (100lbs) will improve fuel efficiency by 1%, and while more lightweight materials do exist in aluminum and magnesium, they are often too cost-prohibitive for general use.

POSCO Body Concept Electric Vehicle

POSCO’s PBC-EV is both safe and lightweight

On this front, POSCO has been working to develop solutions for car manufacturers. The PBC-EV, or POSCO Body Concept Electric Vehicle, is one product of that research as POSCO sought to create a lighter car with the same strength and safety that is expected in today’s modern car market. POSCO focused on two main points when developing this lightweight car body. The first was the application of a combination of POSCO’s most advanced steels including TRIP, PosMCT950E, and PosMCT980B. Secondly, POSCO optimized existing construction methods and worked to introduce new techniques in order to both lighten and strengthen the body of the automobile. With its PBC-EV, POSCO was able to reduce weight by 26% while still maintaining the highest levels of body strength.

Magnesium technology

POSCO materials were used in the design of Renault’s EOLAB concept car

Many in the auto industry are setting their sights on magnesium as the future of car manufacturing. Magnesium can be easily molded and it is both lightweight and strong. Due to its high price, car makers have not fully embraced the move to magnesium yet, but POSCO is already preparing for this probability. Last month, POSCO’s World Premium Materials (WPM) – Magnesium Business Division organized a seminar with industry experts and automotive engineering students to discuss the future of magnesium in car manufacturing. Experts in magnesium, molding, bonding, and surface treatment were invited to speak about the application of magnesium technology in automobiles and students gave presentations on their own experience developing race cars.

Even though cars have been around since the late 19^th century, new ideas continue to force the industry to adapt and change. And whether it is optimizing existing manufacturing processes or working to utilize technologies for the future, POSCO remains committed to finding innovations in the auto industry.

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However, due to the successful management of POSCO’s overseas subsidiaries, the combined performance of the group improved significantly. By focusing on sales of high value-added products based on solution marketing, engaging in extensive cost-saving efforts, and generating revenues via the “Innovation POSCO Project”, POSCO was able to deliver a two-digit profit margin and a more than 50-percent jump in stock value.

By continuing this work in 2017, POSCO is determined to maintain its position as a leader in the global steel industry.

POSCO’s Vision for 2017

In 2017, further improvements in the global steel market are likely as the global economy continues its recovery. Also, improvements are expected in the supply-demand imbalance as China is expected to slightly reduce steel production.

In 2017, POSCO plans to further the success seen in 2016 and continue to lead the steel industry through innovation and continuous improvements of its World Premium Products.

However, the spread of trade protectionism across developed and developing countries alike, is expected to create potential barriers for POSCO’s export environment. Moreover, competing mills have been accelerating consolidation and expansion to maintain their dominance in their respective local markets while also focusing on the development of high-end products. All of these factors point to ever intensifying competition both in terms of quantity and quality.

To remain competitive with other leading global players in 2017, POSCO plans to solidify its profitability by completing its restructuring process as part of Innovation POSCO 2.0 and strengthening its foundation for future growth.

In CEO Ohjoon Kwon’s 2017 New Year’s message, he marked the steps that must be taken in 2017 to accomplish these goals. First, POSCO must continue upgrading its steel business with proprietary technologies. Second, the business structure of POSCO Group should be continuously restructured to improve efficiencies in low-profit businesses. Third, future growth must be ensured by strengthening competencies based on “Smart Solutions.” And lastly, POSCO must continue its work to establish a flexible and creative corporate culture that excels in the 21^st century.

Despite all of the aforementioned challenges facing the steel industry, POSCO has continued to be a leader. Through innovation and a strong focus on improving the quality of its World Premium Products, POSCO is again well-positioned to lead the industry in 2017 – and in the years to come.