POSCO Group does its best to develop technologies that contribute to safety and carbon neutrality. We introduce POSCO Group’s excellent new technologies to create a better world! In this edition, we introduce POSCO’s steel vertiport, an urban UAM takeoff and landing hub that not only has strength, durability, and cost effectiveness, but also incorporates prefab construction for enhanced usability.

With worsening urban traffic congestion and environmental issues around the world, urban air mobility (UAM) is gaining attention as a solution. The most notable UAM vehicle is the electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL).

It requires a specialized structure, called a “vertiport,” for safe urban takeoff and landing of eVTOL. A vertiport is more than just a landing pad, it serves as an urban airport that provides terminal spaces for passenger boarding, as well as facilities for aircraft charging and maintenance, as a vital part of the UAM infrastructure.

In aviation, there is a critical time known as the “fatal 11 minutes when accidents are most likely to occur, which is 3 minutes during takeoff and 8 minutes before landing. UAM flights are also vulnerable to the turbulence created by airflows interacting with the vertiport during takeoff and landing, which poses a risk of collision with obstacles. This highlights the need for a vertiport structure designed with superior durability to withstand unexpected situations. Until now, aluminum has been the main material for vertiports due to its light weight and durable properties. However, aluminum was difficult to commercialize because it was expensive.

POSCO developed the “steel vertiport” with the goal of creating a lightweight yet robust vertiport using steel. By leveraging this material, they achieved a product with similar strength to aluminum, but with a thinner structure and at less than half the cost of aluminum alternatives. Furthermore, they incorporated PosMAC, POSCO’s high-corrosion-resistant steel, which has 10 times the corrosion resistance of conventional galvanized steel and significantly reduces maintenance concerns.

Vertiports that are typically installed on top of buildings, rather than on the ground, are referred to as elevated vertiports. These structures are characterized by modular assembly, minimizing the need for heavy equipment and assembly because materials must be lifted to higher floors. POSCO’s steel vertiport is designed as a 15-meter square platform divided into 18 modules, which are pre-fabricated in the factory and assembled on-site. This prefab construction method enhances the efficiency of both the installation and dismantling processes.

*Prefab (short for pre-fabrication): A construction method where components are manufactured in a factory beforehand and the structure is completed on site by assembly alone.

Steel Vertiport Technology Validated With Public Performance Testing

Last June, POSCO conducted the first-ever public performance verification of its steel vertiport in Goheung, South Korea. POSCO proved its technological expertise by successfully completing the entire process of the steel vertiport, from design to construction, for performance verification in only 20 days. It was a challenging feat, but POSCO was able to complete it within the tight timeline thanks to proactive collaboration with manufacturing plants and construction partners during the development phase. A key feature of POSCO’s steel vertiport is its enhanced construction efficiency, achieved by integrating DfMA* and modularization technologies. Let’s take a closer look at the public performance verification of POSCO’s steel vertiport.

*DfMA (Design for Manufacture and Assembly): A design approach that considers the manufacturing, transportation, and installation of components and modules at the outset of structural or architectural planning.

During the public performance test, real-time data were collected to measure the durability of the steel as a 5-ton helicopter landed on the vertiport. Remarkably, the steel exhibited outstanding strength, with no deformation even to a tolerance of 1 cm. Observers from the Korea Aerospace Research Institute and Lotte E&C consortium praised the steel vertiport and acknowledged its potential for application in the future UAM industry. Additionally, feedback from the helicopter pilot affirmed that the steel vertiport matched conventional helipads in terms of robustness, noise, and vibration, which once again showed the stability and superiority of POSCO’s steel vertiport.

Steel Vertiport Potential Recognized in the Global Market

The potential of the steel vertiport has been showcased not only domestically, but also internationally. At last month’s 2024 World Smart City Expo (WSCE) Vertiport International Forum, POSCO presented real-world applications of its steel vertiport design and received global attention to this innovative solution. Following POSCO’s presentation, there was a flurry of questions from the audience, including inquiries about commercial partnership opportunities. After the forum, a steel vertiport mock-up was displayed at the Airport Corporation’s promotional booth. This model, featuring a frame and columns integrated with POSCO’s high-strength trusses, attracted considerable interest from attendees for its structural performance as well as its architectural aesthetics and sense of openness.

▲ A virtual image of a vertiport ©Korea Airports Corporation.

Building a Sustainable Vertiport Operating System with POSCO’s Products and Solutions

Since a vertiport is a structure in its own right, it must also address the demand for improved energy efficiency, a focal point in modern construction. In light of this, POSCO is exploring options to integrate solar panels directly onto the vertiport and is evaluating the application of BIPV* systems, which would combine solar energy generation with the terminal’s exterior cladding. POSCO is also considering an innovative wind energy solution by harnessing the strong downdraft, or “downwash,” generated as helicopters descend. The implementation of such ideas will require the steel vertiport to have exceptional durability and structural integrity, and POSCO is committed to conducting thorough research to realize these concepts. With these advancements, POSCO’s steel vertiport is ready to shape the future of UAM infrastructure. We thank you for your support.

*BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic): A power generation system that seamlessly combines energy production with architectural design by incorporating solar modules as building materials.

Strengthening stability by developing lightweight steel materials and steel structures specialized for building-type vertiports… Considering eco-friendliness by using building-integrated solar exterior materials

Considering application to the UAM vertiport to be constructed at Jamsil MICE, Suseo Station, etc.

POSCO will begin joint development of vertiports (takeoff and landing pad), a core infrastructure for commercializing UAM (Urban Air Mobility)*, a future transportation means.

* UAM: A next-generation, high-tech transportation system based on electric power and low-noise aircraft and vertical takeoff and loading pads to safely and conveniently transport people and cargo in urban environments

POSCO signed the MOU for Joint Research of Strategic Technology Development for Future UAM Construction Market with the Korea Airports Corporation and Hanwha Corporation/E&C at the Korea Airports Corporation’s head office on August 23.

Through the joint research, the three companies agreed to establish a standard UAM vertiport model that integrates POSCO’s expertise in developing steel structure utilization technology, the Korea Airports Corporation’s aviation sector expertise, and Hanwha’s design and construction expertise and consider applying it to vertiports at Jamsil MICE and Suseo Station.

POSCO plans to develop optimal steel materials needed for UAM vertiport construction and secure steel structure technology to be used in UAM vertiports in the future.

First, considering the characteristics of the building-type vertiport, which is installed on the rooftop of a building and performs repeated aircraft takeoffs and landings, POSCO plans to detail the steel structure design and utilization technology using lightweight steel materials.

Moreover, it plans to consider applying the modular steel structure to support the increased number of operating aircraft and expanded terminal space and using the BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) exterior materials to increase the eco-friendliness of vertiports.

UAM has emerged as the next-generation transportation means, and the government is fostering it as a key future growth engine by including it as an axis of the mobility industry. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport plans to commercialize UAM mainly in urban areas of the capital region by 2025 and expand commercial services to major hubs nationwide from 2026. Accordingly, the construction of vertiports as the UAM takeoff and landing pads is expected to increase significantly.

A UAM vertiport is a basic facility for vertical takeoff and landing of small electric aircraft and the core infrastructure for boarding and disembarking passengers and charging and maintenance of UAM aircraft. Construction of the vertiport requires not only materials and use technology but also integration between construction and aviation industries. Therefore, the three companies have continuously collaborated since signing the MOU for Developing Overseas Markets for K-UAM Vertiport in December last year, leading to joint R&D this time.

“POSCO has been leading the development of steel materials needed for the future construction industry and technologies that utilize them. We expect that this joint R&D will contribute to advancing and vitalizing the commercialization of UAM,” Do-gil Oh, POSCO’s Director of Steel Products for Construction Marketing, said.

POSCO plans to lead the construction market by actively developing new steel types and methods that can be applied not only to UAM vertiport construction but also to future construction fields, such as hyper loops and floating structures.

▲UAM Vertiport Conceptual Drawing (Source: Korea Airports Corporation)