▲ Aerial view of WEST GATE TUNNEL, Melbourne, Australia. Nine bridges that connect each section of the city will be newly constructed.(Image source: WEST GATE TUNNEL website)

That’s why the WEST GATE TUNNEL project started. Previously, for a single day, 200,000 cars had to rely solely on the WEST GATE Bridge to enter the city center from Melbourne’s harbor. The new project is a large-scale infrastructure project that builds nine new bridges and one twin tunnel to solve this problem. It runs about 5 km from Melbourne to Docklands, with construction in progress beginning in 2018 and estimated to be completed by 2022.

Not many people would know that the company behind connecting the bridges of Australia is a Korean company from more than 8,000km away.

l Melbourne’s Bridge Created With Korean Steel!

POSCO is one of the top three domestic companies in annual sales (FY2018). It is not only a Top Player in the domestic market but also a Global Player that exports about 45% of its total sales. POSCO provides all the steel plates for the nine bridges of the WEST GATE TUNNEL project. Of course, winning this project demanded intense work from POSCO’s marketing, production, quality, and research institutes.

First of all, POSCO presented an idea of applying steel products with higher quality and lower cost than the previously requested steel specifications the client. At the same time, POSCO took the lead in bidding with high specs steel that can’t be easily produced by competitors.

POSCO overseas subsidiaries also joined in. POSCO-China took a three to four-hour trip every week to persuade Zhenhua Port Machinery Company Limited (ZPMC). ZPMC is the bridge construction company for this project. To reduce the cost of loading and unloading, POSCO-China suggested utilizing ZPSS’s Zhangjiagang Pier. ZPSS is POSCO’s stainless steel manufacturing subsidiary in China.

At the same time, Pohang Works entered into a “joint operation” to get the ACRS review done within a short time. On the day of the on-site evaluation, all relevant departments cooperated with a 24-hour response system.

Eventually, POSCO was chosen as the supplier of the entire steel plates for the bridges of the WEST GATE TUNNEL project. Steel supply began in July last year and ends in May this year. The WEST GATE TUNNEL project will be a solution to alleviate the troublesome traffic congestions in downtown Melbourne. In addition, almost nine hectares of new open space will be created, with over 14 km of new and upgraded walking and cycling paths. This project is aiming to improve the quality of life for Melbourne citizens — it isn’t just a tunnel and bridge construction project.

l The Longest Suspension Bridge in the World — ‘ALL POSCO STEEL’

POSCO is also a part of the suspension bridges that cuts through straits. Even on the current longest suspension bridge in the world.

The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge is being built in the city of Çanakkale, northwestern Turkey. It is expected to become the longest suspension bridge in the world with a total length of 3,563m and main span distance of 2,023m. In the past, people had to take a boat that came every 30 minutes or so to cross the strait. However, with the bridge completed, it is expected to be a 10-minute drive to reach the other side.

The construction will be finalized by 2023 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey — However, the Turkish Parliament Chairman said it could be completed in 2022, one year ahead of the original plan! The scale for the construction is immense for a single project with a budget of 3 billion dollars, and 128,000 tonnes of steel products. It’s no wonder that leading companies around the globe worked hard to win the contract.

▲ Aerial view of the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge, Turkey. The red tower symbolizes the Turkish flag color. The height of the tower reaches 318m. (Image source: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, January 2020)

POSCO was the winner of the intense competition. POSCO succeeded in winning all orders for steel plates and wire rods for the bridge. POSCO’s marketing representative attributed the success to three factors — premium steel supply, solutions to better process steel, and service to ensure perfect quality from production to transportation and storage.

Generally, for a bridge construction project, the construction company, manufacturer, and the steel supplier are determined after the design is completed — like the Australian WEST GATE TUNNEL project mentioned above. However, the case was different for the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge. It was a “Design-Build*” project, meaning that the design and construction were carried out simultaneously. In other words, this project needed a solution for the steel application from the initial design stage. The competition wasn’t about just the price, and non-price competitiveness was the secret. This was, of course, one of POSCO’s strengths.
*A business model in which the architect-contractor cooperates from the design stage before the design is completed. This is different from the general method where construction is progressed after the design is completed.

POSCO actively held solution briefing sessions for local contractors. The key to winning the project was to quickly dig in from the design stage, which was crucial in a “Design-Build” project. POSCO promised the production of wide-ranging materials to minimize local processing costs, welding solutions for steel plates over 100mm thick, and steel storage and inventory management services utilizing POSCO-Turkey Nilufer Processing Center (POSCO-TNPC), an automotive steel processing center in Turkey. Initially, POSCO received an order of 35,000 tons of steel plates for the bridge towers. This later on advanced to a contract of 52,000 tons of steel plates for the decks and 41,000 tons of wire rods — resulting in a build of an ‘All POSCO STEEL’ bridge with a total 128,000 tons of steel.

POSCO’s steel supply for the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge is now nearing its end. It will be finished by April this year. Since its start in 2018, the journey for the project lasted for nearly three years — including the preparation period. However, this is not the end since POSCO’s after-sales service will continue even after the steel supply is complete.

POSCO’s Sang-Il Lee of the Construction Steel Materials Marketing Office, who participated in this project said, “This was a large project that I would never have been able to handle alone. We could win this contract thanks to the many employees who joined and came together. I’m glad to see that POSCO enhanced its status as a global player with this project. I would love to visit and see with my eyes once the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge is complete.”

Bridges could be considered one of the pinnacles of modern civilization. Looking at a far stretched bridge might make one marvel, “Wow, how did people build that? Human technology is amazing.” The ‘people’ who make this amazing structure isn’t far away. Even today, the bridges connecting the world are supported by POSCO’s steel.

Thought to have its origins in 12th century France where hands were used to hit the ball, tennis changed in the 16th century when rackets were introduced, and then again in 1967 when steel rackets were popularized and the game began to resemble what we know today.

50 Years Ago, Steel Changed Tennis

The Wilson T-2000 (above) revolutionized tennis with its iconic stainless steel design. Tennis pro Jimmy Connors used the racket until it went out of production, and Billie Jean King once said, “We made an absolute sensation of that racket.”

For centuries, rackets were made of wood with only small advancements made to the design. But in 1967 Wilson released the T-2000 and the metal racket forever changed tennis. Other steel rackets had come out before 1967. In 1922, the Dayton Steel Racket was designed by 7 time US Open champ, William Larned, and the T-2000 itself was a licensed version of the one designed by French tennis player and fashion designer René Lacoste. The BBC noted that “The most dramatic change in tennis racquet tech over the years was that initial transition from wood to steel.” The T-2000 was not the first, but it was the one that grabbed the public’s and the professionals’ attention.

The Wilson T-2000 was made of lightweight stainless steel with a tiny head and coiled hooks at the edges. Tennis legend Billie Jean King began using it and in 1967 became the first player to ever win a Grand Slam with a metal racket. Several years later Jimmy Connors adopted the steel racket and “couldn’t put it down.” Connors continued using it until Wilson stopped manufacturing them in the 1980s – winning three Grand Slams with it along the way.

(Left) Jimmy Connors with the Wilson T-2000 (1978). (Wikimedia) / (Right) Billie Jean King defeats Fay Moore in the fourth round of Wimbledon in 1968. She would later go on to win the tournament using the Wilson T2000. (Thirteen)

While the tennis world moved on to lighter materials like aluminum, graphite, and now graphene, the impact of the T-2000 cannot be overstated. In a sport that used wooden rackets for hundreds of years; the T-2000 can be seen as a singular turning point for modern tennis as players began to realize how their games could improve with lighter, stronger rackets. As writer Jon Reiner said, “[The T-2000] more than any other would rally the cultural boom of modern tennis…”

When Wilson released its first steel racket 50 years ago, it pushed the game of tennis into a new era. Players were able to use rackets that were lighter and stronger allowing them to have greater control over their game. The progression of tennis rackets continues today but it was steel that started the revolution back in 1967.

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